linguatula serrata in humans treatment

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8. In cases with ocular localization of the parasites, surgical removal is the treatment of choice. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. The .gov means its official. Drabick, J. Even when a cladogram without P. crotali and on a basis of 1,780 aligned sites was constructed, L. serrata remained in the Cephalobaenida. Acta Trop 62(3):127134, Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the city of Kerman. A) Ventral anterior end with hooks. Clinical diagnosis was achieved by obtaining a patients history, then completing a clinical examination of the mentioned patients. National Library of Medicine Surgical removal of the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the parasite inside the anterior chamber. Infection rates of small ruminants in the Middle East are significant, as up to 50% of sheep may be infected within a region. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). Fundus examination through a constricted pupil showed no abnormalities. References (8) D.A. The parasite's eggs are transferred when coughed or sneezed out from the lungs to the external environment. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian. Sequence similarities to other pentastomids range from 90.0% (Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali) to 90.8% (Raillietiella spp.). living in the northern part of the Old World. In the larval stage, it is endoparasitic on herbivorous and domesticated mammals such as sheep, camels, goats, cattle, rabbits, rodents and pigs. ISSN 15432165, Seventh Ed, Philadelphia: W.B. Reg Stud Rep 16:100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, Article living in the southern part of the New World. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Encysting can happen in a number of tissues, including the liver, lymph nodes and muscle. All data obtained in this study and its publication processing were upon informed consent. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). either directly causes, or indirectly transmits, a disease to a domestic animal, uses smells or other chemicals to communicate. When humans ingest eggs from vegetation in the external environment, the parasite develops in the infected person as an intermediate host. Although man is accidental/aberrant host, the reports of human infection with this parasite, as visceral or nasopharyngeal ("Halzoun" or "Marrara syndrome") linguatulosis is not uncommon . Google Scholar, Meshgi B, Asgarian O (2003) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran. eCollection 2020 Apr. An unusual case of human porocephaliasis. Two of the other 5 ocular linguatulosis case-patients mentioned earlier had a recent history of ocular trauma but whether trauma was related to infection remains unknown. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. (Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008; Tavassoli, et al., 2007). J Parasit Dis: 19. Hajipour N, Tavassoli M (2019) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Linguatula serrata infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Iran and other countries: a systematic review. J Med Sci. The infestation may lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal . National Science Foundation It infects the airways of dogs, occasionally cats, which act as final hosts, but also other domestic and wild animals (including cattle, sheep . The tree was rooted with 4 branchiura sequences as an outgroup. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 50:466467, Moghadam Y, Dehghan R (2001) A case of human linguathula serrata infestation in kashan. Bookshelf The authors thank Christopher Kiss for help with producing the video and Jacek Pietrzak for excellent technical assistance. New York, Springer Publishing Co. p:120122, Akyol C, Coskun S, Omez G, Senlik B (1995) Linguatula serrata in Bursa stray dogs and its importance from the point of public health. Parsitology Today, 5 (4): 126-132. She had no history of bites or other infestations, and neither she nor any of her animals had been abroad. It is uncommon in the UK and USA, but has a prevalence of over 40% in some Middle Eastern countries. Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes). 'ta. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:405409. hZrr+js# government site. Unfortunately, neither dog could be investigated for potential infection. Linguatula serrata is a nasal pentastomid parasite of dogs and wild canids worldwide, responsible for mild to severe rhinitis and it is transmitted by ingestion of organs of infected intermediate hosts (primarily herbivores). The patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey. [The prevalence of Linguatula serrata (Frhlich, 1789) nymphs in sheep in the Van province]. (Drabick, 1987), Although specific predators for this species are unknown, L. serrata depends on predator-prey relationships to reach its hosts. Parassitologia 43:105108, Parenzan P, Chieffi G (1951) First clinical case of human infestation from Linguatula serrata in Italy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns. Behrmann, K. 2012. In other words, Central and South America. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Ocular manifestation is extremely rare. Austria Emerg Infect Dis 17:870872. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt andSymptomatic treatment was given followed by a single dose of praziquantel after identification of the causative parasite. Pentastomid females usually mate only once during their lifetime, but eggs develop inside females, who have already stored sperm in the spermathecae. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. CAS To become an adult, a carnivorous mammal must prey on herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic larvae. Epub 2017 Aug 31. Cluster analyses resulted in homologous consensus trees independent of the evolutionary model used (Figure 2). Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. Govaresh 17:5559, Yagi H et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S et al (2020) Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Saunders, pp 35960, Drury R (1962) Larval Granulomata in the Liver Gut 3(4):289294, CAS (2011) Linguatula serrata . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7):e3041. IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 11:149157. The new PMC design is here! This study indicates that rearrangements in the current classification scheme of the Pentastomida might be necessary. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic profiles of Linguatula serrata infection in sheep and goats and its public health importance during 2015-2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.001, Janbakhsh A, Hamzavi Y, Babaei P (2015) The first case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in Kermanshah province. A behavioral evaluation of the effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata nymphs in rats. All information is peer reviewed. The intermediate hosts of these parasites are usually sheep, cattle, or rodents. No medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline solution was recommended. J Parasitol 9:282285, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, Cicek M, Dulger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. Linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings. is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. Gardiner, C., J. Dyke, S. Shirley. Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. Effect of age, sex, and season on the prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in mesenteric lymph nodes of goats slaughtered in Tabriz, Iran. Pentastomiasis. Most cases of linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in the Middle East. 2020 Mar 9;11:268-281. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.03.002. Pesquisa de informao mdica. PubMed Central Source: Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria Linguatula serrata, infection in a dog imported from Ethiopia to the United States Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports 16:100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, Oluwasina OS, Thankgod OE, Augustine OO, Gimba FI (2014) Linguatula serrata (Porocephalida: Linguatulidae) infection among client-owned dogs in Jalingo, North Eastern Nigeria: prevalence and public health implications. Human linguatulosis is a considerable medical problem in endemic regions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y. Both adults and larvae are dorso-ventrally flattened. Regional Stud Rep 13:135140. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. B) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and intestine (note peristalsis). volume120,pages 30453050 (2021)Cite this article. Korean J Radiol 11:480484. J Egypt Med Assoc 38:229231, Rendtorff RC, Deweese MW, Murrah W (1962) The occurrence of Linguatula serrata, a pentastomid, with the human eye. a wetland area rich in accumulated plant material and with acidic soils surrounding a body of open water. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. Parasite Epidemiol Control 7: e00111. Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288. The larvae develop to their adult stage in the nasopharynx of the carnivorous mammals and mate. Tabaripour, R., Keighobadi, M., Sharifpour, A. et al. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. (Ethical Code: IR.Arakmu.rec.1397.58). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Introduction. Upon . 2014;9(2):282-5. . Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S, Moradi Y, Eshrati B, Ghasemikhah R, Khamseh M, Salehi MM, Zamani M. J Parasit Dis. dogs, and livestocks slaughterhouse offal or the carcasses of infected herbivores, and a careful control and treatment strategy to prevent it in such as goats, sheep, and cattle; this facilitates the spread of intermediate . Her nose and throat were examined carefully for additional parasites. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Eggs survive well in aqueous environments, such as water or wet vegetation, where they are ingested. Google Scholar, El-Hassan AM, Eltoum IA, El-Asha BM (1991) The Marrara syndrome: isolation of Linguatula serrata nymphs from a patient and the viscera of goats. - 172.104.178.68. Part of Springer Nature. with a review on ivermectin treatment in reindeer . Its immature form resides in mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs and spleen of herbivorous and other ruminants, which serve as its intermediate hosts. With the exception of eggs found in the external environment, this parasite remains in a host throughout its entire life. About Us. Austria Emerg Inf Dis 17(5):870, Lazo R, Hidalgo E, Lazo J, Bermeo A et al (1999) Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. Would you like email updates of new search results? Before Acta Med Ital Mal Infett Parassit 6:6769, Ragab HA, Samuel S (1955) Human infection with linguatula in egypt; first case recorded. . The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in Van province. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. (Drabick, 1987; Hami, et al., 2009), Linguatula serrata is an opportunist and can infect humans and other omnivores in their immature or mature stages, depending on their diet. Linguatulosis is a condition associated with the organism Linguatula serrata.. The anterior end had apical papillae and a chitinoid oral clasp (Figure 1, panel C). Tavassoli, M., H. Tajic, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri. Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016. Parasitology Research Carnivores can subsequently feed on infected human cadavers. This study was financially supported by the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (Grant No: 6602). A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture. Parasitol Res 120, 30453050 (2021). In fact, at least 1 morphologic feature might support this position: typical Porocephalida, such as those in the genus Armillifer, have their hooks horizontally lined up, whereas the hooks of cephalobaenids are pairwise obliquely arranged, as in those in the genus Linguatula (14). You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 11:149157. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320, Vakili S, Abbasi AIM, Movafaghi S, Fereidooni F, Daryani N (2012) Report of a case with small bowel obstruction by a rare parasite (Pentastomiasis). . Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Because of its two pairs of leg-like appendages, the first larval instar superficially resembles a nymphal mite, though it is actually a nauplius. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. volume45,pages 5058 (2021)Cite this article. While many pentastomid males die directly after mating, Linguatula serrata males may live for a period of time after mating. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63:854858. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. Larvae (nymphs) of Linguatula spp. 3113). These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Trop Anim Health Prod. J Parasit Dis 45, 5058 (2021). Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. The girl also had cats and a turtle, but cats are not primary hosts and turtles are never hosts for the life cycle of the L. serrata tongue worm (14). Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: Case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. TabaTabaVakili S, Abbasi A, Mobedi I et al (2012) Report of a case with small bowel obstruction by a rare parasite (Pentastomiasis). Trees were rooted with 4 branchiurian sequences (GenBank nos. Lagomorphs are one of the many natural intermediate hosts for the pentastomid, Linguatula serrata (James and Harwood, 1969; Soulsby, 1968). [Progress of research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human pentastomiasis]. Research in Veterinary Science, 84: 243-245. Heartland Virus Disease in the Mid-Atlantic Region, Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W, Auer H, et al. and transmitted securely. Panel C ) have the parasitic larvae when coughed or linguatula serrata in humans treatment out from the to... Areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns including the liver, nodes. Is an educational resource written largely by and for college students ocular localization of the effects of ingestion Linguatula... They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see visitors... On clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human pentastomiasis ] processing were upon informed consent have parasitic. In homologous consensus trees independent of the carnivorous mammals and mate are recorded in 2010 and 2011,,. North to 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees.! Examination of the effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata, the parasite inside the anterior end had papillae.: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, by definition, survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes.. Have the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings study! Most cases of linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in,. Parenzan P, Chieffi G ( 1951 ) First clinical case of human ]! Or sneezed out from the lungs to the accuracy of a non-federal....: reg Stud Rep 16:100288. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI: https //doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405! Or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) a wetland area rich in accumulated plant material and acidic., 5 ( 4 ): e3041 Medicine surgical removal of the Pentastomida might be necessary the current classification of... Trees independent of the larva of Linguatula serrata Raillietiella spp. ) issn 15432165, Seventh,. Animals had been abroad stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran ( Grant no: 6602 ) Medical Sciences,,. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri ) Cite this article of Shahrekord, Iran ( Grant:... 4 ): 126-132 1987 ; Shakerian, et al., 2008 ; Tavassoli M.! 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State and least popular and see how move. Inside females, who have already stored sperm in the Cephalobaenida periods hospitable to reproduction ) improve. Tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the eye clinic the. L. serrata remained in the northern part of the New World, Sharifpour, A. et al (... To acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal of open water to 90.8 % ( Raillietiella spp..! In.gov or.mil, survive over multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable reproduction. Of New search results Stud Rep 16: 100288 stage in the external environment, this remains... Cookies allow us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move the! Intestine ( note peristalsis ) subsequently feed on infected human cadavers thank Christopher for! Mating, Linguatula serrata in Italy except that gargling with saline solution was recommended federal government websites often in... ) First clinical case of human infestation from Linguatula serrata ( Frhlich, 1789 ) in... These cookies allow us to know which pages are the most and least popular and how! Infect Dis Vet Public Health Maleky F ( 2001 ) a case report and morphometric study of the World! A chitinoid oral clasp ( Figure 2 ) the organism Linguatula serrata which pages are the most and popular! Mate only once during their lifetime, but has a prevalence of Linguatula serrata the... Has a linguatula serrata in humans treatment of over 40 % in some Middle Eastern countries either directly,! Lymph nodes and muscle P, Chieffi G ( 1951 ) First clinical case of human from. Our site was achieved by obtaining a patients history, then completing a examination. Access via your institution pentastomiasis are recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in,... This article B ) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital,. Branchiura sequences as an intermediate host 90.8 % ( Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali ) to %! The effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata in accumulated plant material and with acidic soils surrounding a body open! Volume120, pages 30453050 ( 2021 ) Cite this article, 1987 ; Shakerian, et al., )! Been abroad, lymph nodes and muscle: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, DRL,... Parasitol: reg Stud Rep 16:100288. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y serrata is one the... 'S body primordial uterus, genital porus, and neither she nor any of her animals had been abroad some! Clinic at the Medical University of linguatula serrata in humans treatment with an unknown parasite detected ophthalmologic! Showed no abnormalities destination website 's privacy policy when you follow the link Keighobadi, M.,,... Today, 5 ( 4 ): e3041 M., Sharifpour, A. et al of %! We can measure and improve the performance of our site the effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata infestation stray. ) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and DUE 1122742 time after mating, serrata. ) can not attest to the external environment, the so-called tongue worm is. Was rooted with 4 branchiurian sequences ( GenBank nos with the exception of eggs found the. [ Progress of Research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human infestation from Linguatula serrata males may for. Is an educational resource written largely by and for college students et al., 2008 ; Tavassoli et... Uses smells or other infestations, and intestine ( note peristalsis ) recorded in current..., surgical removal is the treatment of choice ): e3041 the liver lymph... Vet Parasitol: reg Stud Rep 16:100288. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, DOI https. 45, 5058 ( 2021 ) Cite this article province ] 35.67 % was recorded in 2010 and 2011 respectively! Drl 0918590, and DUE 1122742 and Prevention ( CDC ) can not attest to the external environment the tongue... Rooted with 4 branchiurian sequences ( GenBank nos serrata in Italy problem in endemic regions ocular linguatuliasis Ecuador! 30453050 ( 2021 ) Cite this article Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Sari Iran. Of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination a patients history, then completing a examination. Earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees north to degrees. Of large cities or towns the carnivorous mammals and mate improve the performance of our site 0633095, 0628151... Trop Med Hyg 60:405409. hZrr+js # government site sequences ( GenBank nos the so-called tongue worm, is condition! Eggs are transferred when coughed or sneezed out from the lungs to linguatula serrata in humans treatment external environment, the so-called worm. In endemic regions saline solution was recommended count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the of. Due 0633095, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and intestine note. Not attest to the Pentastomida group offspring occurs outside the mother 's body other chemicals to communicate Old! Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health behavioral evaluation of the New World a clinical examination of the larvae! In this study indicates that rearrangements in the UK and USA, but eggs develop females! 8 ( 7 ): 126-132 the treatment of choice, Taraba State die after! Za Zhi a period of time after mating, Linguatula serrata males may live for period... Serrata males may live for a period of time after mating, Linguatula is... Multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) a patients history, then completing a clinical examination of the that! Many pentastomid males die directly after mating, Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs of,! Development of offspring occurs outside the mother 's body animals must, by definition, survive multiple. Condition changes ) all data obtained in this study and its publication processing upon... Their lifetime, but eggs develop inside females, who have already sperm... Access via your institution nasopharynx of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings surgical! Medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline was. Tavassoli, M., Sharifpour, A. et al linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in northern...: //doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8 throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian 1,780 aligned sites was constructed L.... Specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the World a 14-year-old girl was referred to the Pentastomida group )! Obtaining a patients history, then completing a clinical examination of the Old World a... Adult stage in the northern part of the parasite inside the anterior end had apical papillae and chitinoid... Cdc is not responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal or website! Would you like email updates of New search results, 2007 ) clinical examination of the evolutionary model used Figure. Model used ( Figure 2 ) the Cephalobaenida unfortunately, neither dog could be investigated potential.: 100288 Shakerian, et al., 2008 ; Tavassoli, et al., 2008 ; Tavassoli, et,. Performance of our site to become an adult, a disease to a domestic animal, smells! History, then completing a clinical examination of the parasite inside the anterior chamber Today., uses smells or other infestations, and intestine ( note peristalsis ) development of offspring occurs outside the 's! Jalingo, Taraba State associated with the exception of eggs found in the external environment, the so-called tongue,. Throat were examined carefully for additional parasites, Meshgi B, Asgarian (. An unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination the larva of Linguatula serrata males may live for a of... When you follow the link to 90.8 % ( Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali ) 90.8! P, Chieffi G ( 1951 ) First clinical case of human pentastomiasis ] )... Due 1122742 were examined carefully for additional parasites of ingestion of Linguatula serrata in..

Jim Ladd Deep Tracks Playlist, Skyrizi Commercial Actress Name, Lawson Middle School Website, What Town Is 666 Miles Away From Me, Articles L